PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.